31. Johannes Müller, one of the first scientists to advocate the use of experimental techniques in physiology, proposed

A ) an important role for natural selection in the evolution of behavior.
B ) that language is a function of the right hemisphere.
C ) that sensations depend on the particular sensory system activated.
D ) that the pineal body interconnects the body with the mind.
E ) that the amygdala controls thought and emotion.

32. Based on his observation of brain damage and behavioral difficulties in a stroke victim, Paul Broca concluded that:

A ) the control of speech is a function of the left hemisphere.
B ) the right hemisphere controls motor movements on the right side of the body.
C ) damage to the right hemisphere impairs speech.
D ) different regions of the brain control heart rate and breathing, purposeful movements, and sensory function.
E ) muscle atrophy after a stroke results from a loss of fluid pressure within the brain ventricles.

33. Damage to the basal ganglia would be expected to produce difficulties in

A ) speech perception
B ) emotional experience.
C ) understanding social rules.
D ) motor movements.
E ) emotional memories.

34. Imagine that all members of your class have been tested to determine the level of 5-HIAA, a metabolite of serotonin, in their cerebrospinal fluid. Which of the following would you predict using this information?

A ) Male classmates with low 5-HIAA levels will be more aggressive than those with high levels.
B ) Low 5-HIAA levels will be associated with good exam performance.
C ) High 5-HIAA levels will be associated with poor sleep patterns in males.
D ) Male classmates with high 5-HIAA levels may not be alive 10 years from now.
E ) Those with low 5-HIAA levels will be the thinnest persons in the class.

35. A female rat is ovariectomized and then injected with testosterone immediately after birth. In adulthood, this rat is injected with estradiol and progesterone and placed in a cage with a male rat. This female rat will

A ) show evidence of maternal aggression.
B ) attempt to mount the male.
C ) show lordosis to the male rat.
D ) not show female sexual behaviors.
E ) show behavioral masculinization.

36. Which of the following supports the notion that heredity contributes to differences in body weight?

A ) Pima Indians in the US and Mexico share the same genes, but only those persons who live in a particular environment develop obesity.
B ) Several forms of human obesity involve a deficit in ghrelin production, which can be treated by ghrelin injection.
C ) Twin studies indicate that genes account for 25 percent of the variability in body fat accumulated when people are fed a high-fat diet.
D ) Twin studies indicate that genes account for little of the variability in body fat accumulated when people are fed a high-fat diet.
E ) Adoption studies fail to show a role for heredity in obesity.

37. The proposition that facial expressions of emotion are innate is supported by research in which

A ) blind children show different facial emotional expressions than do sighted persons.
B ) facial expressions of emotion vary by culture.
C ) the same facial expression for an emotion is observed in all cultures.
D ) facial expressions of emotion change over time in a culture.
E ) people who live in isolated cultures show very different facial expressions from people who are not

38. All of the following statements about the genetic basis of schizophrenia are trueEXCEPT that

A ) adoption studies indicate a biological basis for schizophrenia.
B ) the concordance rate for schizophrenia is higher for monozygotic than for dizygotic twins.
C ) a person with a “schizophrenia gene” will always develop schizophrenia.
D ) several genes may be involved in schizophrenia.
E ) genes impart a susceptibility to develop schizophrenia.

39. Research on the genetics of drug dependence indicates that

A ) alcoholism and smoking are independent diseases.
B ) alcoholism and smoking share common genetic factors.
C ) smokers are high in status and achievement, but low in sensation seeking.
D ) alcoholics are high in status and achievement, but low in sensation seeking.
E ) environment plays a minimal role in drug abuse.

40. Which of the following is strong evidence for a genetic contribution to a behavior

A ) Dizygotic twins have a higher concordance rate than do monozygotic twins.
B ) Monozygotic twins have a higher concordance rate than do dizygotic twins.
C ) Heterozygotic twins have a lower concordance rate than do monozygotic twins
D ) Adopted children resemble their adopted families with regard to a trait.
E ) None of the above are correct.