Terry is a 45-year-old male who is 5’5’’ in height, weighs 250 lbs., and has 39% body fat. He works as a construction carpenter five days per week.

Every morning he begins his day with a breakfast consisting of two cups of coffee. For lunch, he usually eats two slices of pepperoni pizza and a large soda. A couple hours later, he will have a small bag of chips and an energy drink for snack. For dinner, he usually stops at the drive thru of a fast food restaurant and orders a combo meal that consists of a hamburger, fries, and a large soda. At night, he snacks on a few packaged cookies and drinks a beer while watching TV. He averages six hours of sleep per night.

Terry’s mother and sister have both been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and he is worried that he may also be at risk for developing type 2 diabetes. He recently went to the doctor to learn more about his current health conditions. He found that his blood pressure was 140/90 and his blood test results revealed the following:

Total cholesterol: 233 mg/dl

LDL cholesterol: 122 mg/dl

HDL cholesterol: 32 mg/dl

Triglycerides: 259 mg/dl

A1C (blood glucose): 6.3%

Using the information given about Terry above and the interpretations of test results to the side, please answer the following questions:

1. List all of Terry’s risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes. Put an asterisk (*) next to the risk factors that Terry is able to modify. (Hint: look at your answer to Topic question #13 and determine which apply to Terry)

2. Provide Terry with at least four recommendations for reducing his risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

BMI (Body fat):

25-29.9% = overweight

30% or above = obese

Blood pressure:

below 120/below 80 = optimal

130/80 = high

Total cholesterol:

<200 mg/dl = optimal

200-239 mg/dl = borderline high

240 mg/dl or higher = high

LDL cholesterol:

<100 mg/dl = optimal

100-159 mg/dl = borderline high

160 mg/dl or higher = high

HDL cholesterol:

40-50 mg/dl = optimal

< 35 mg/dl = low

Triglycerides:

<150 mg/dl = optimal

150-199 mg/dl = borderline high

200 mg/dl or higher = high

A1C (blood glucose):

<5.7% = normal

5.7-6.4% = prediabetes

6.5% or higher = diabetes