There are barriers still such that African Americans are not being treated equally outside of the law. A. They earned less money during this period b. They were likely not to get the same amount of education 7. Affirmative Action: least defined policies in America a. What is the most general definition: a set of policies that take into account somebody”s racial, ethnic, gender identity in the process of making decisions about hiring or firing, or admissions b. 3 different targets i. Jobs: are certain jobs being allocated on the basis of race, gender, etc ? ii. University admissions iii. Government contracts 1. Are there preferences given based on gender or race or ethnicity? C. 2 different kinds i. Hard: Take race, ethnicity, gender, into account at the decision making stage.