13. The ecosystem of organisms at hydrothermal vents

a. depends on photosynthesis and exhibits predator-prey relationships of marine food webs

b. is threatened by ocean acidificatio

c. depends on algae as the base of the food chain and fish to eat the algae and serve as food for other organisms

d. depends on a relationship between bacteria that perform chemosynthesis and

tubeworms or clams that can contain these bacteria

e. depends on a relationship between tubeworms that perform chemosynthesis and clams that contain photosynthetic bacteria.

14. Communities of organisms discovered in hydrothermal vents in underwater volcanoes derive energy from:

a. eating the remains of dead organisms that sink from the overlying waters.

b. a chemical reaction by bacteria on hydrogen sulfide

c. other organisms through photosynthesis

d. organic carbon contained in deep sea sediments.

e. fish as part of a food chain.

15. Hydrothermal vents ________________ .

a. expel molten rock from the earth’s core.

b. return molten rock to the interior of the earth.

c. produce oil and gas.

d. release heat from the interior of earth.

e. return heat to the earth’s core.

16. Through symbiosis and chemosynthesis, bacteria provide which of the following to the vent ecosystem?

a) energy

b) toxin

c) silica

d) a & c

e) hemoglobin