OUTLINE THE PROCESS BY WHICH A MALIGNANT CELL METASTASISES FROM ITS PRIMARY SITE IN THE PROSTATE TO BONE.A 65 year old man underwent a prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Post- operatively he has been found to have high risk features and now will receive adjuvant radiation therapy.

Prostate cancer commonly metastasises to bone. Outline the process by
which a malignant cell metastasises from its primary site in the prostate to
bone. A fully labelled diagram will be accepted as an answer.

Question 2 – Prostate
A 65 year old man underwent a prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Post- operatively he has
been found to have high risk features and now will receive adjuvant radiation therapy.
1. (PATH)
a) Prostate cancer commonly metastasises to bone. Outline the process by
which a malignant cell metastasises from its primary site in the prostate to
bone. A fully labelled diagram will be accepted as an answer.
(5 marks)
2. (PHY)
a) For each of the following calculation algorithms, briefly describe its key
principles, advantages and limitations:
i. Pencil Beam methods
ii. Superposition/convolution
iii. Monte Carlo
(2 marks)
(2 marks)
(2 marks)
3. (RCB)
a) Write brief notes on the general model of the multistep nature of
carcinogenesis (not limited to prostate cancer).
b) List the common characteristics of malignant cells.
(3 marks)
(2 marks)
4. (ANAT)
For the anal canal:
a) List the relations in the male and female.
b) Briefly describe the lymphatic drainage.
(2 marks)
(2 marks)

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