One cosmonaut orbited Earth for 437 days, as measured by Earth clocks. His speed of orbit was 7700 m/s relative to Earth during this time interval. Assume two clocks were synchronized on Earth, and one went into space with the cosmonaut while the other remained on Earth. You are interested in knowing by how much the clock readings disagree at the end of the 437 days. There are some problems with applying the equation Δtv=γΔtproper.

Part A

What information other than the cosmonauts speed relative to Earth might you need to know?

Check all that apply.

The instant of time when the cosmonaut starts traveling.

The mass of the cosmonaut and his ship.

The cosmonaut’s travel direction relative to the direction of the Earth rotation.

Speed of the Earth relative to the Sun.

Part B

If you used the equation Δtv=γΔtproper, what disagreement between the clocks would you get?

Δtproper−Δtv = s