Read each paragraph give me your opinion if you agree or disagree with it

1.

The eye disease chose to research for this discussion posting is Hypertensive Retinopathy (HR). Hypertensive retinopathy is caused by prolonged high blood pressure. High blood pressure causes damage to the retina’s blood vessels over time. This limits how the retina functions, putting pressure on the optic nerve causing vision problems (Badii, 2016). Some of the symptoms or signs of HR may include eye swelling, reduced vision, double vision accompanied by headaches, and bursting blood vessels in the eye.

There aren’t any definite treatments of Hypertensive Retinopathy (HR). Controlling or lowering a patient’s blood pressure can reduce a patient’s risk of HR. One common treatment for HR is making lifestyle changes. These changes include healthier food choices, increasing physical activity, limiting alcohol and/or caffeine intake, and taking steps to quit smoking (Badii, 2016). Another treatment is medication. Taking blood pressure medications prescribed by a physician such as diuretics, beta blockers, or ACE inhibitors regularly can also decrease a person’s risk of being diagnosed with HR. Eye exams like the ones we did in the lab can definitely help an optometrist identify this condition. There are two ways a medical professional can diagnose hypertensive retinopathy. The first is by using an Ophthalmoscope. This is used to shine a light through the pupil to examine the back of the eye to look for signs of narrowing blood vessels or to see if any fluid leaking from the blood vessels (Badii, 2016). Another way is by performing a Fluorescein Angiography. This is a special test that examines retinal blood flow. During this procedure, the doctor uses special eye drops to dilate the pupils and then takes pictures of the eye. After the first round of pictures, the doctor will inject a dye called fluorescein into a vein. They’ll typically do this on the inside of the elbow. As the dye moves into the blood vessels of the eye, the doctor will take further pictures (Badii, 2016).

I think children should undergo routine eye examines because some of the signs and symptoms of the vision problems children may experience are not obvious and can sometimes go undetected in school vision screenings. Routine eye exams can ensure the eye is developing normally and confirm that there aren’t any problems with their vision (Clark, 2017).

2.

Diabetic retinopathy or know as diabetic eye disease effects blood vessels in the light-sensitive tissue known as the retina which lines the back of the eye. This disease can cause loss of vision and is the leading cause of vision loss with people with vision impairment and blindness among working-age adults. https://nei.nih.gov/health/diabetic/retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is due to high blood sugar that is associated with blood vessel damage. Some of the symptoms include balloon-like swelling in the blood vessels, it is the early stage of this disease. As the disease progresses the vessels may swell and malnutrition the eye due do the condition of the blood and nutrition to the vessel not transporting it to the cells of the eye.

As Diabetic retinopathy progresses blood vessels get blocked and deprive the optical cells blood supply. This promotes more vessels to grow new blood vessels. In the advance stage of this disease the new blood vessels growth factors secreted by this factor grow along side of the retina and into vitreous gel, the fluid that fills the eye. The vessels are likely to break, and blood causing scar tissue and can lead to vision loss. https://nei.nih.gov/health/diabetic/retinopathy

Some symptoms include blurred vision, difficulty seeing colors, floaters and even total loss of vision. There are surgeries that can relieve these symptoms and controlling diabetes are the most effective way to prevent Diabetic retinopathy. Also seeing an optometrist for routine checkups can catch Diabetic retinopathy early. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/183417.php

Children and infants as early as six months old should undergo an eye exam to ensure that there are vision problems that could affect the child’s safety and school performance. It is very important for them to see an optician. Some of the benefits children need during development is excellent vision at all distances, comfortable eye teaming or coordination skills in the eye movement and accurate and comfortable focusing skill. https://www.allaboutvision.comm

3.

• Identify what public and private stakeholders are involved in the stadium, tournament, and surrounding infrastructure in the simulation.

Charles Bicking Fire Chief,Glen Edwards Police Chief,Jenny Cunningham Emergency Manager,Paul Schwoboda Stadium Commander,Peter Linder Police Dept Lieutenant and Travis Goodman Fire Captain

• Explain what you perceive as the most salient vulnerabilities of this special event venue as it pertains to the soccer tournament.

Possible terrorist threat/traffic backup

• Describe what steps the core planning group of this event should take to mitigate these vulnerabilities.

Asses the community and its population. It is unwise to assume everyone within a community receives and understands threats and hazards in the same way. Share hazards with the community-communicate it at the various levels-business home etc explain it how it pertains to that particular section of the community. According to the book by Lindell & Perry (2003) poor and ethnic minorities tend to have less access to information and the least amount of resources or access to resources to be able to understand risk and hazards. Therefore information needs to be shared via television, radio, newspaper and social media. Traffic needs to be addressed via the local police so that they can direct traffic flow to avoid accidents. Even rerouting the traffic flow week(s) in advance to ensure smoother traffic patterns will occur the day of the event, including public transit. A watchful eye on social media forums for any terrorist activity, additional security at the event as well as bag searches should be conducted to ensure safety. The third thing to address would be to fix the PA system so that if there is an emergency, the patrons can clearly be directed what to do.

• Define some of the vulnerabilities that particular cultural communities may face.

According to the book by Lindell & Perry (2003) poor and ethnic minorities tend to have less access to information and the least amount of resources or access to resources to be able to understand risk and hazards. It is the responsibility of the government to keep citizens safe, especially if they believe terrorism could come into play. Language barriers could also come into play, so in communities that have large non-english speaking populations, there needs to be reliable information systems put into place as well as emergency response systems.