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IQ testing was introduced to the United States in 1916 when Lewis Terman published his revision of the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale. This widely accepted assessment of information processing, problem-solving, and working memory was used for many years until competitors such as the Wechsler Scales were developed. Later, Howard Gardner suggested that instead of a single construct of intelligence, people actually possessed multiple constructs of intelligence.

According to Gardner, there are eight ways of determining a person’s dominant intelligence and a person can show great abilities in eight ways: verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, visual-spatial, musical-rhythmic, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic.