in general, how did the Pre-Socratics (i.e., The Materialists, which excludes Pythagoras), and Socrates and Plato (you may include Pythagoras here) view: 1) the ultimate nature of reality, 2) how do we know it, and is knowledge apriori (within us at birth) or a posteriori (learned through experience)? How did they answer the question of the nature of permanence and change?

Then, second, after comparing and contrasting the Pre-Socratics and the ancients after them through Plato (there is overlap), what do believe the nature of reality to be? With which of these philosophers do you agree the most and why?