Study Guide 3 Biology 102 Spring 20141.How is a person infected with a Guinea worm? Which parts of the world areimpacted by this parasite? How can knowledge of the guinea worms life cycleprovide a strategy to break the infection cycle?2.What causes River Blindness? How can a once-per-year drug treatment helpprevent this disease?3.What is Lymphatic Filariasis? What treatments are available for individuals withwell-developed Elephantiasis? Are any treatments effective with children? Howis the life cycle broken by drug treatments? How does the strategy to kill juvenileworms in lymphatic filariasis compare to the strategy used to protect pets fromheartworm?4.How might tropical diseases like Chagas and malaria move into the UnitedStates? Could lymphatic filariasis move into the United States? Why or whynot?5. What insect vectors are necessary to transmit African and Americantrypanosomiasis?Human Evolution:1. Were Cro-Magnon man and Neandertal- (Neanderthal-) man separatespecies, or were they populations that regularly interbred? How can thisquestion be answered?2. What features are associated with primates that help distinguish this groupfrom other mammals?3. What features make us human and distinct from other hominoids?4. Have more than one style of bipedalism evolved in hominids? If so, how werethey similar are different from modern bipedalism?5. What is paleoanthropology, and how does this branch of science contribute toour understanding of hominid evolution?6. Is the tree that represents human evolution a straight line or multi-branched?What happened to most of the hominids represented in the fossil record?7. Why are brain size and bipedalism considered important features thatcontributed to hominid evolution? What kinds of anatomical changes supportupright walking?8. When and where did Homo sapiens arise? What evidence supports this?9. Can you identify unique characteristics of Homo erectus, H. heidelbergensis,H. neandertalensis and Denisovans?10. What anatomical features made Ardipithecus so surprising topaleontologists? What does the anatomy of Ardipithecus suggest about theevolution of bipedalism? Did early hominids walk upright and gain the ability tomove into open savannahs, or did they develop bipedalism while also movingeasily through forests?11. Flores Man, or The Hobbit lived until at least 15,000 years ago. Was FloresMan human? Or something else entirely?12. What is the biological basis for differences in human skin color?13. Why is pigmentation an important evolutionary adaptation? Under whatcircumstances is less pigment better and when might more pigment be better?Population Ecology 1. What are the differences (if any) between a population and a species? Whatis meant by the term population ecology?2. How can population density and the dispersion pattern of a givenpopulation describe the way an organism behaves?3. What are life tables and survivorship curves? How are they useful? What arethe three types of survivorship curves?4. What kinds of factors limit population growth?5. Can you describe the cause of so-called boom-and-bust cycles?6. How can an organisms life history be shaped by selective forces? (Rate ofgrowth and maturation, age at which reproduction begins, numbers of offspring,etc., )7. Can population ecology have practical applications? Like what?8. How does the rate of human population growth and our consumption patternsimpact the environment?9. How does the age structure of the U.S. population explain the current surplusin the Social Security fund? Without changes to the system, why will theprogram begin to fall into a deficit in the next few decades?