EXPLAIN HOW THE THYROID GLAND AND THE PARATHYROID GLAND HELP TO MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS OF BLOOD CALCIUM LEVELS?

This week’s lab will focus on the major endocrine glands and the hormones they secrete.

Objectives
Objectives for this week’s lab include: 1) Identify the location of the major endocrine glands, 2) Map out the hormonal secretion of and influence of the major endocrine glands, and 3) Identify the role of major endocrine hormones, and 4) Describe the negative feedback mechanism to maintain homeostasis.

Overview
The endocrine system regulates the body’s actions and metabolic activity through the use of chemical messengers called hormones. Hormones, produced by endocrine glands, are secreted directly into the blood stream, travel throughout the body and influence the actions and activity of various cells. It’s a complex mechanism of how a hormone directly influences a cell but a cell needs to have a specific receptor on its plasma membrane to bind a specific hormone. If a cell has a specific hormone, it is referred to as a target cell. Module 10 Lab Worksheet: Endocrine System lab report and essay assignment papers and questions.

Each hormone will have a unique and specific influence on cellular activity that may include: reproduction activities, growth and development, electrolyte, water and nutrient balance in the blood, metabolism and even influence our immune system. Once a cell binds a hormone through its receptor, the response and impact of that hormone can vary greatly. Some hormones have an almost instantaneous effect on that cell (such as epinephrine, aka- adrenaline) to an effect that can last days to even months (such as growth hormone).

Hormonal levels are maintained by a negative feedback mechanism. As hormonal levels rise in the blood and affect the target cells, it causes a negative feedback loop to initiate the inhibition of further hormone production and secretion from its endocrine gland. Through this mechanism, hormonal homeostasis is maintained within a very narrow range and is vital because any imbalances to hormonal levels can cause drastic changes in the body’s physiology and can cause conditions such as, type 2 diabetes and hypothyroidism. Module 10 Lab Worksheet: Endocrine System lab report and essay assignment papers and questions

Materials
Endocrine gland models
Pre-Lab Evaluation Questions
The pre-lab evaluation questions must be answered prior to lab and demonstrated to your lab instructor. You must read through the assigned chapter readings, lab introduction, objectives, overview and procedure to answer these questions.

Please cite your work for any reference source you utilize in answering these questions.

In your own words, briefly describe how the endocrine system helps to maintain homeostasis within the body.

Explain how the thyroid gland and the parathyroid gland help to maintain homeostasis of blood calcium levels?

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