Psychological Foundations
Mid-term Exam Psychological Foundations

Name ______________________________________________________________

Part I. Answer both questions 1 and 2.

1. Explain each of these Eight Essential Guidelines to Critical and Creative Thinking discussed in Chapter One. Why is it important if you are a researcher to follow the guidelines? (40 points)

1. Ask questions and be willing to wonder 5. Avoid emotional reasoning

2. Define your terms 6. Don’t oversimplify

3. Examine the evidence 7. Consider other interpretations

4. Analyze assumptions and Biases 8.Tolerate uncertainty

2. Listed below are several methods that a researcher may choose as described in Chapter Two. Explain each of the methods and give an example how a researcher might use each method. (40 points)

1. Case Study 5. Survey

2. Naturalistic Observation 6. Correlation study

3. Laboratory Observation 7. Experiment

4. Test

Part II. Answer one of the following two questions

3. Describe the four theories of dreams and the purpose of the dreams in each theory. (20 points)

1. Psychoanalytic 3. Cognition

2. Activation Synthesis 4. Problem focused

4. One well known theory of intelligence, known as the Triarchic theory, developed by Robert Sternberg, distinguishes three different aspects of intelligence. Explain the three aspects in detail. (20 points)

1. Componential intelligence

2. Experiential or creative intelligence

3. Contextual or practical intelligence

Part III.

Bonus Question In the Stanford Prison Study, the “prisoners’” responses to the guards change as the days went on. Describe the changes and why the study was ended after only 6 days instead of two weeks as planned. (10 points)