Complete the exam with a 90% or better.

• 
  Starts Sep 8, 2017 6:00 AM
  Ends Sep 10, 2017 11:30 PM
  

  100 POINTSComplete this exam to assess your knowledge of chemistry, cycles of matter & energy, ecosystems, trophic levels, and biomes.

• Study Guide for Exam 1
  
  
  Disclaimer: The following is a list of concepts, terms, questions, and ideas that should provide points of focus for students as they study for the test. I have attempted to include concepts that are most important. Keep in mind however that all concepts and terms that were discussed in powerpoints, textbook, discussion questions, etc., are fair game for test questions, even if they were accidentally left off the study guide.
  
  
  Chapter 1 What is Science? What is the scientific method (steps) and why is each step important to the process? What is the first step? Hypothesis vs. theory? 3 ethical perspectives given in the book What is the story of Easter Island? How does Easter Island compare to planet Earth? What is an ecological footprint? Why do environmental scientists care about the ecological footprint? World’s ecological footprint in hectares? What is the United States ecological footprint? What is sustainable development? How do three important things play a part in reaching sustainable solutions and what are those three things (from illustration in PowerPoint slides)?
  
  
  
  Chapter 2 Matter, how many naturally occurring elements are there? What are the top 4 elements in body? Atom, isotope, nucleus of the atom, subatomic particles and where they are located in the atom, protons, neutrons, electrons, electron shells (or energy levels & how many electrons in each), atomic number, atomic mass, valence electrons Understand how to read a periodic table to get information about the atom Covalent, ionic, hydrogen bonds, polarity, molecule, diatomic molecule, compound Water properties and states (how do they relate to energy) Understand all the special characteristics of water (be able to pick out examples) adhesion, cohesion, ice, etc. pH and what does the pH scale measure? What is an acid? What is a base?
  
  Chapter 3 Energy, laws of thermodynamics, kinetic and potential energy, what are basic molecules that go into photosynthesis? What comes out of photosynthesis? What is the energy source for photosynthesis reactions? Understand the water cycle Nutrient cycling and energy flow (carbon, phosphorus, etc)
  
  Chapter 4 What does it mean to be “living”? Know the classification system for living organisms (DKPCOFGS) Know the classification for humans Species, population, associations, community, ecosystems, biosphere, ecotone, bioic factors, abiotic factors, predators, prey, habitat vs. niche
  1.9 million species have been named and described
  Trophic levels – identify the levels, food chain vs. food web (levels of consumption)
  Primary, secondary & tertiary consumer
  Define and identify examples: autotrophs, heterotrophs, producers, consumers, herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, decomposer, detritivores
  energy source for natural systems and how it is transferred – how efficient? any lost?
  Why isn’t the lion (carnivore) population as large as the gazelle (grazer) population?
  How is energy lost at each trophic level?
  Abiotic vs. biotic
  Predator-prey relationships and the evolutionary arms race
  What is a keystone species?
  Biotic factors in an ecosystem and their interactions: competition (interspecific & intraspecific), competitive exclusion, optimal foraging theory, resource partitioning, predation, mimicry & camouflage, symbiotic relationships (4 types)
  What is the competitive exclusion principle?
  What is primary and secondary succession?
  
  
  Biomes presentation What is a biome? What is the difference between climate and weather? What are the two factors that determine where biomes occur? Understand the abiotic effects of altitude and latitude (how does each affect the ecosystem – especially in terms of climate and how the climate dictates the type of plants and animals)
  Terrestrial Biomes – each slide for a specific biome has a general description of precipitation (when applicable) animal types and plant types. You should know those basic descriptions