DISCUSS WHAT EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP IS AND ARGUE WHY IT IS DEEMED NECESSARY IN NURSING PRACTICE.

Leadership consists of various qualities, skills and aspects relating to the action of leading an organisation or a group of individuals (Ennis et al, 2013). The focal point of the NHS is to enable cultures that provide safe, compassionate and high quality care (West et al, 2015). Furthermore, leadership has an impact on a number of different aspects such as mortality levels, patient satisfaction, staff well-being, financial performance and generally, the quality of care (West et al, 2015). The Francis report discussed the importance of distributed leadership, whereby all healthcare professionals are enabled to think freely, make decisions and take control themselves. It leads to the provision of high quality care (Francis, 2013). This piece of work will assess effective leadership and why it is a necessity within nursing practice.

Communication
Ennis et al (2013) implemented a study in order to assess the communication characteristics needed for good leadership within nursing. Interviews were carried out, outlining how effective communication is key in order to provide high quality care, develop as a professional and to harbor working relationships (Ennis et al, 2013). The study produced the following themes: choice of language, listening skills, relevance, non-verbal communication and relationships. Participants outlined that good leaders have the knowledge to choose the type of language used and can adapt it to any scenario that they are faced with. In addition, they suggest that an effective leader considers the outcome and consequence of each conversation (for example, whether further support was needed) (Ennis et al, 2013). When leadership is successful, it enables excellence and ethical and patient-centred care (Ennis et al, 2013).

Furthermore, it was noted that good leaders needed to be able to listen, be affable and have patience (Ennis et al, 2013). One participant outlined that listening should be first and foremost, valuing its importance and showing great interest in what the patient has to say (Ennis et al, 2013). Respondents noted the need for effective communication across all aspects of nursing; with junior staff, between healthcare professions and when directly caring (Ennis et al, 2013). Good clinical leaders need to be able to communicate to a high level, adapting to enable all patients to understand, noting body language, non-verbal cues and avoiding medically complex terms as much as possible (Ennis et al, 2013). The study notes the link between effective communication and the amount of influence that leader has, the team’s performance and their development of staff member relations (Ennis et al, 2013). Guidelines by NICE also emphasise the importance of effective communication to enable high quality care (NICE, 2016). Non-verbal communication is also key; effective leaders need to note their body language and level of eye contact, assessing not only their own non-verbal cues, but also those of the patient or fellow professional (Ennis et al, 2013). This will enable them to judge the scenario and to foresee any issues that may arise (Ennis et al, 2013). Within the study by Ennis et al, (2013) respondents outlined that good leaders had excellent people skills, building a good rapport with everyone. To do so, respect and treating each person as an individual is key (Ennis et al, 2013). It is also vital to ensure that no judgements are made and that support is offered when needed (Ennis et al, 2013). Effective leaderships can only be implemented when these areas are adhered to, building work relationships and providing high quality, patient-centred care (Ennis et al, 2013).

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