You and your spouse can best predict your newborn son or daughter’s future in- tellectual aptitude by: (A) carefully assessing the infant’s sensory and reflexive responses; (B) observing your son or daughter’s general level of emotional reac- tivity; (C) noting the age at which your child first walks and talks; (D) obtaining information about your own levels of intelligence. ____48. Several youngsters are taking a test in a large room. The person giving the test is very careful that every child takes the test under the same conditions. Every child hears exactly the same instructions and is given the same amount of time. It appears that the test these youngsters are taking is: (A) standardized; (B) valid; (C) reliable; (D) an intelligence test. ____49. The most common way of assessing attachment in human infants is to: (A) have the child track a picture of the mother with her eyes; (B) see if the child smiles at a picture of her mother; (C) determine the predominant child-rearing style of the parents; (D) see how the child responds when separated from and then reunited with her mother. ____50. The term “conservation” refers to a child’s (A) egocentric perspective regard- ing social issues; (B) awareness that altering the form or shape of an object does not alter the amount of that object; (C) release from lack of object permanence; (D) inability to mentally “undo” a process or procedure.