1.    Define infection, disease, infectious disease. List the major sites of the human body that harbor a normal flora, and explain why internal tissues and organs are microbe-free. List the major organisms that make up the flora for the following body regions: skin, upper respiratory track, genital and urinary track.

2.    Discuss the protective and nutritional benefits of normal flora, as well as, the potential that exists for a few species to become an infectious disease. Outline the colonization of the newborn.

3.  In general terms, discuss the different adhesion mechanisms employed by pathogens. Discuss how the following virulence factors contribute to tissue damage: extracellular enzymes, bacterial toxins, leukocidins, slime layers, and capsules.