1.    Consider the effect of isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions in relation to fluid and electrolyte balance.

 2. Describe factors that control fluid exchange between the vascular and interstitial fluid compartments and relate them to the development of edema and third spacing of extracellular fluids.

 3. Compare and contrast the causes, diagnosis, manifestations and treatment of fluid volume deficit, fluid volume excess, hyponatremia with water excess and hypernatremia with water deficit.

 4. Compare and contrast the causes, diagnosis, manifestations and treatment of potassium electrolyte imbalances.