Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by bacteria—most often, Escherichia coli. However, certain viruses, fungi, and parasites can also lead to infection. The infection can affect the lower and upper urinary tract including the urethra, prostate (in males), bladder, ureter, and kidney. Due to the progression of the disease and human anatomy, symptoms present differently among the sexes, as well as among different age groups. It is important to understand how these factors and others impact the pathophysiology of UTIs. Advanced practice nurses must have this foundation in order to properly diagnose patients.

To prepare:

Review Chapter 30 in the Huether and McCance text and Chapter 32 of the Arcangelo text. Identify the pathophysiology of lower urinary tract and upper urinary tract infections. Consider the similarities and differences between the two types of infections.
Consider one type of drug that would be used to treat symptoms associated with urinary tract infections.
Consider gender and one of the following patient factors: genetics, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Consider how gender and the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of the urinary tract infections. Then, reflect on how these factors might impact the effects of prescribed drugs, as well as any measures you might take to help reduce any negative side effects.