Question: Write one page abstract on each article (see below instructions regarding abstracts) and a summary on each article. So, for each article there must be a one-page abstract and a separate summary of the article

Abstract: An abstract is a summary in your own words, of an article, chapter, or book. It is not evaluative and must not include your personal opinions. The purpose of an abstract is to give a reader sufficient information without reading the entire article or book. An abstract should aim at giving as much information as possible in as few words as possible.

The abstract should include:

1. Complete bibliographic information
2. A clear statement of the scope and purpose of a work
3. A summary of the contents
4. A statement of the conclusion or results