Below is the original work you did for me and the instructor asked. Answer the following questions : a) How might you apply the ANOVA to a real world problem?
Your original work : According to Pett, (2015), non-parametric tests or distribution-free tests are more robust than the parametric tests. The parametric tests have a higher statistical power than non-parametric; providing the real significant effect, more accurate. You apply non-parametric when the available data fails to satisfy the assumptions of normally distributed data implying that they don’t depend on any distribution, for instance, the Kruskal-Wallis. On the other hand, parametric tests rely on the distribution of data thus applied when the information is approximately normal. Furthermore, in using parametric analyses, several factors must require consideration for producing reliable results for the study. The assumption in parametric tests is on the parameters of a population of interest such as standard deviation and mean. An example of the parametric result is the one-way ANOVA.
Reference
Pett, M. A. (2015). Nonparametric statistics for health care research: Statistics for small
samples and unusual distributions. Sage Publications
B) Please respond to these two discussions posted by my peers:-
Bi) By Jerry
Part One
Excel programs, and other statistical software, may be used for a variety of situations including descriptive statistics and analysis of multiple data for research (Gray, Grove, & Sutherland, 2017). The variables from “score” results are able to be calculated in seconds with the click of a button. The system automatically breaks categories into individual columns for evaluation. The data is calculated and separated into meaningful information which can be used in various research methods and measurements. Once the numeric information is placed into columnar cells, the program will adjust calculations to the specific add-in feature chosen by the researcher. The features for graphs and histogram information are rapid and efficient as well. The information may be pre-selected and ages were automatically placed into “bins” for frequency distribution in the histogram. I have never run statistics or ever used the excel program for anything up to this point. It took some adjustment but may be handy in the future.
Part Two
As time permits, I would like to get into more programs like excel to familiarize myself with various options of data processing. Programs such as these increase turnaround time on data and save valuable time for calculating data. The histogram provided below automatically calculated age into a “bin” and the frequency calculated from results provided from the scores associated with the response of “cringe” on the anxiety range. Programs such as this are important and have great possibilities in research and extrapolation of data.
Excel Information
Bin |
Frequency |
|
||||||||||
1 |
12 |
|||||||||||
15.5 |
88 |
|||||||||||
30 |
9 |
|||||||||||
44.5 |
5 |
|||||||||||
More |
6 |
|||||||||||
AGE |
Cringe |
Uneasy |
Afraid |
Worried |
Understand |
28 |
5 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
3 |
34 |
2 |
5 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
25 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
2 |
5 |
56 |
3 |
4 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
23 |
5 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
29 |
1 |
5 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
30 |
3 |
3 |
5 |
2 |
5 |
59 |
2 |
5 |
5 |
1 |
2 |
45 |
4 |
2 |
5 |
3 |
3 |
38 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
1 |
1 |
33 |
3 |
2 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
47 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
24 |
1 |
5 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
29 |
5 |
4 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
53 |
3 |
1 |
5 |
2 |
1 |
48 |
4 |
4 |
1 |
5 |
3 |
27 |
2 |
5 |
4 |
3 |
4 |
34 |
4 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
5 |
26 |
4 |
5 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
36 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
3 |
Column1 |
|||||
Mean |
36.2 |
||||
Standard Error |
2.511657 |
||||
Median |
33.5 |
||||
Mode |
34 |
||||
Standard Deviation |
11.23247 |
||||
Sample Variance |
126.1684 |
||||
Kurtosis |
-0.63325 |
||||
Skewness |
0.783843 |
||||
Range |
36 |
||||
Minimum |
23 |
||||
Maximum |
59 |
||||
Sum |
724 |
||||
Count |
20 |
Cringe |
Uneasy |
Afraid |
Worried |
Understand |
||||||
Column1 |
|
Column2 |
|
Column3 |
|
Column4 |
|
Column5 |
|
|
Mean |
3.25 |
Mean |
3.7 |
Mean |
3.55 |
Mean |
2.6 |
Mean |
3.05 |
|
Standard Error |
0.306723 |
Standard Error |
0.291096 |
Standard Error |
0.256238 |
Standard Error |
0.265568 |
Standard Error |
0.303272 |
|
Median |
3.5 |
Median |
4 |
Median |
3.5 |
Median |
2.5 |
Median |
3 |
|
Mode |
4 |
Mode |
5 |
Mode |
3 |
Mode |
2 |
Mode |
3 |
|
Standard Deviation |
1.371707 |
Standard Deviation |
1.301821 |
Standard Deviation |
1.145931 |
Standard Deviation |
1.187656 |
Standard Deviation |
1.356272 |
|
Sample Variance |
1.881579 |
Sample Variance |
1.694737 |
Sample Variance |
1.313158 |
Sample Variance |
1.410526 |
Sample Variance |
1.839474 |
|
Kurtosis |
-1.01637 |
Kurtosis |
-0.84611 |
Kurtosis |
-0.3229 |
Kurtosis |
-0.79195 |
Kurtosis |
-1.01732 |
|
Skewness |
-0.36536 |
Skewness |
-0.64888 |
Skewness |
-0.369 |
Skewness |
0.25972 |
Skewness |
0.041138 |
|
Range |
4 |
Range |
4 |
Range |
4 |
Range |
4 |
Range |
4 |
|
Minimum |
1 |
Minimum |
1 |
Minimum |
1 |
Minimum |
1 |
Minimum |
1 |
|
Maximum |
5 |
Maximum |
5 |
Maximum |
5 |
Maximum |
5 |
Maximum |
5 |
|
Sum |
65 |
Sum |
74 |
Sum |
71 |
Sum |
52 |
Sum |
61 |
|
Count |
20 |
Count |
20 |
Count |
20 |
Count |
20 |
Count |
20 |
|
Gray, J., Grove, S., & Sutherland, S. (2017). Burns and Groves The Practice of Nursing Research: Appraisal, Synthesis, and Generation of Evidence; Edition 8. Retrieved from South University Online Library: https://digitalbookshelf.southuniversity.edu/#/boo…
Bii) By Alyssa
The MS Excel application is a handy software that could easily help the researcher generate various descriptive statistics (the software has a wide range of tools the researcher can choose from). The researcher will only need to input the variables and the datasets and begin analysis. Running the descriptive statistics using the Excel tool was easy because the procedure isn’t too technical; the interface is user-friendly, and given a simple set of instructions, anyone can generate different descriptive statistics.
DQ2
I will explore Excel even more, with the use of e-courses and reference materials available on the internet. The knowledge I will gain will be of benefit in my research projects in the future because Excel is a handy tool that will help me in several methods of data analysis.
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