1、Explain the concepts “speed of light” and “light year.” How are these concepts related to the idea that astronomers can “see into the past?” Describe your cosmic address. Combine this understanding , along with what you know about the speed of light and the distances between objects in the universe, in a discussion of what you feel is the future of manned space travel.

2、Using vocabulary such as meridian, zenith, etc., describe the relationship of a star’s altitude above the horizon and the observer’s latitude. If you are positioned at the Earth’s equator, and a given star is at your zenith, what happens to that star’s position (relative to you, the observer) as you walk in a straight line to the North Pole? Why are some stars and constellations only seen during certain seasons?

3、What role did astronomy play in ancient cultures, and how is that role different today? What makes science — science? Describe how modern science operates and distinguish it from philosophy, pseudoscience, and religion. In recognition of these distinctions, what individual(s) and methods mark the beginning of Astronomy as a science?

4、Explain how light and its physical properties can be used gather information on celestial objects related to 1) composition, 2) temperature, and 3) motion (speed and direction).