A Jaguar XK8 convertible has an eight-cylinder engine. At the beginning of its compression stroke, one of the cylinders contains 496 cm^3 of air at atmospheric pressure ({1.01 times 10^5 {rm{ Pa}}}) and a temperature of 27.0 ^circ {rm{C}}. At the end of the stroke, the air has been compressed to a volume of 47.0 cm^3 and the gauge pressure has increased to 2.80×106 Pa.