60 year old civil servant known to be a heavy drinker with a deteriorating work performance collapsed after vomiting blood. When examined he was confused with a plan skin. pulse was weak and rapid(120/min),recumbent BP 100/75, when siting 80/65,rectal exam revealed black tarry stool. A cannula was inserted intb dorsal veins of the hand to confuse plasma substitute(gelatin 40g/l Molecular mass 30000D )osmotic pressure 36mmHg,while awaiting cross matching.

central venous pressure of – 4cmH2O,Hematocrit 0.36,Hb11.8

a)what was the recumbent patients mean BP

b) identify 3 types of afferent receptor that drive cardiovascular response to hypovolemia.

c) account for the low Hematocrit and Hb concentration

d) would you expect an artifical colloid solution be of greater benefit than 0.15 molar saline.