1) Describe the process of chemical synaptic transmission, starting with depolarization of the presynaptic terminal and ending with neurotransmitter binding to the postsynaptic neuron. Make sure you discuss in detail the role of calcium in this process-how it enters the neuron, and what it acts upon. 

2) Signaling by second messengers is an essential component of synaptic communication. 

a) What type of neurotransmitter receptors utilize second messengers in their signaling.

b) Name two second messengers and a specific target that they can activate. 

c) describe how a second messenger can trigger the release of another second messenger -be specific. 

3) Execution by lethal injection involves administration of the following drugs, in order:

Sodium thiopental which activates ionotropic GABA receptors

Tubocurarine chloride which blocks AChR

Potassium chloride, which increase Extracellular Potassium levels.

a) For each, describe the effect this drug would have on electrochemical signaling and the effects on the postsynaptic neurons.

b) Suggest an invention that could reverse the effects of two of these three drugs.